| Editor’s note: The IAFF and the USFA released an updated version of its Voice Radio Communications Guide for the Fire Service in Oct. 2008. The guide focuses on seven sections of communications – basic radio communication technology, radios and radio systems, portable radio selection and use, trunked radio systems, system design and implementation, interoperability, and radio spectrum licensing and the federal communications commission. |
Communications systems for public safety use the same basic communication technologies as other industries, but the needs of the fire service often are unique. These unique requirements, primarily the frequent use in IDLH environments, require different solutions than those of other radio system users. It is important that fire service members communicate these needs when agencies are planning, implementing, and managing their radio systems.
Agencies that are considering remaining on conventional systems in the VHF high or UHF band should be concerned primarily with ensuring their communications systems are safely transitioned to 12.5 kHz bandwidth. In most cases, this will require replacing equipment and redesigning the system to provide comparable coverage. Another consideration is the development of regional communications systems shared among multiple fire departments. This type of system sharing leverages the frequencies available to multiple agencies to develop a system with more surge capacity for all participating agencies.
Departments that already are operating on trunking systems in the 700 MHz or 800 MHz bands should evaluate adding conventional direct-mode channels for fireground use. Over the past 5 to 10 years, this has become the best practice for trunking systems. In addition, agencies should evaluate the coverage and loading of the trunking system continuously to ensure that it still meets the department’s needs. This is particularly important in areas that are growing in population, or where significant development is occurring.
If your agency is considering a transition to a trunked 700 MHz or 800 MHz radio system, the most important items to consider are the use of direct-mode communications on the fireground, and concerns about the use of digital voice systems. Any new system must provide for the operational needs of the users in all situations. It is important to participate actively in the specification and implementation of any new communications system.
Interoperability is discussed almost constantly in the public safety communications field. Unfortunately it is often the primary topic, with the day-to-day communications needs ignored. When designing a new or improved communications system, design for the work that happens every day, and consider interoperability as necessary to meet the daily need and special situations.
The fire service has unique communications needs related to operating in hazardous atmospheres with protective equipment. Although the general communications needs of the fire service often are represented, it is important that these needs are presented clearly to the manufacturers, standards-making bodies, and regulatory agencies. The only way to achieve a favorable outcome is to participate and inform.
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