FIRE 20/20, a nonprofit organization that developed tools and training to help career, combination and volunteer fire and emergency service departments, published a 2007 study which found a lack of trust between multicultural and high-risk populations as crews deliver fire and emergency medical services.
The study also found that first responders, from volunteer and combo departments experiencing less involvement with these populations, reported a lower degree of awareness of a lack of trust. The findings indicated that fire organizations may not be aware or understand some of the concerns civilians have about trust. You can read the National Multicultural Community Fire Prevention study below.